What is computer – Definition, Full form & Block diagram of computer

In this article following topics will be covered;

1. Full form of computer

2. Definition of computer

3. What is a computer

4. Block diagram of a computer

5. Types of computer

6. Difference between hardware and software

7. Full form of computer-related terms like URL full form, ups full form, CPU full form. and ram full form etc.

Full form of computer:

You might have heard the Fullform of computer is “Common Operating Machine Purposely used for Technological and Educational Research”. However, it is not true.

The word computer is not a short form or an acronym rather, it has been derived from the word “compute” which means to calculate. Initially, a computer was designed to do simple calculations hence this name was derived. But now the use of computers is not limited to calculations only rather all the important tasks associated with human life have been assigned to the computers.

 

Definition of Computer:

A computer is an electronic device that uses raw information as data and processes it accordingly to give the required result. The main function of the computer is to store, retrieve, and process data. Now a day’s its uses have been extended to type documents, play online games, web browsing, editing & creating spreadsheets, office presentations, PowerPoint meetings & video consoles, etc.

 

What is a Computer?

In early history, computers were basically used for numerical calculations. In any case, as any information can be numerically encoded, people after a short time comprehended that PCs are good for comprehensively valuable information taking care of. Their capacity to manage a ton of data has extended the reliability data of environment assurance. Their speed has allowed them to make decisions about guiding telephone relationships through an association and to control mechanical structures like vehicles, nuclear reactors, and robotized cautious devices. No doubt to say in this 5^th generation scenario the perfect use of AI (artificial Intelligence) really invokes the world for many drastic changes. Sofia-A Hunson Robotics manufactured shows the perfect example of AI.

Sophia was named in the United Nations Development Programme‘s (UNDP) first-ever Innovation Champion and the first non-human to be given any United Nation title.

 

Block diagram of a computer:

The block diagram of a computer is shown in the below figure;

A computer basically contains the following units;

1. Input Unit: A input unit is used for feeding the data to the computer. For example Keyboard, mouse,  joystick and scanner, etc.

2. CPU: Full form of CPU is the Central processing unit and it is considered as the heart of a computer. All data processing is done in the CPU itself.

3. ALU: ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit. It is contained inside the CPU. All mathematical calculations are done in the ALU

4. Memory: It is a very important unit. All data is stored in the memory itself. The memory can be temporary or permanent.

5. Output Unit: The processed data is delivered through the output unit. The computer screen and printer is an example of the output unit.

 

Types of computer memory:

Types of computer memory are explained in the below figure;

 

Types of computers:

 

People generally think of a general-purpose computer when the word COMPUTER is said, but it can be primarily a desktop or laptop. The computer comes in different shapes and sizes, and they perform many different functions in our daily lives.

DESKTOP COMPUTERS:

As the name suggests most of the people use PCs at work, home, and school. Desktop computers are proposed to be put on a work region merely on the table and they comprise two or three different parts, including the PC case, screen, control center along with mouse.

LAPTOP  & TABLET COMPUTERS:

The Laptop & Tablet Computers are battery-filled PCs that are more helpful than desktop computers, allowing one to use them almost anywhere. Tablet handheld PCs that are impressively smaller than PCs. These days iPad’s set the most suitable example of tablets that are most handy & comfortable.

SERVERS:

A “local server”, localhost are various names associated with this computer that serves information to other computers on a wide network area. For example, whenever we use the Internet, a server is a repository for web pages that responds when someone requests a certain website. This ‘request’ is simply the act of entering the web address into a browser and hitting return something that’s stored on a server. Some businesses also use local file servers to store and share files internally.

In the client/server programming model, a host program expects and fulfills requests from client programs, which might be running on something comparative or various PCs.

Other types of computers:

Some of today’s electronics are basically specialized computers, though we don’t always think of them that way. The most common examples are:

Smartphones: Cell phones work merely what computers can do, including browsing the Internet and playing games, such gadgets are often called smartphones. This technology can also be used in devices—including fitness, smartwatches, advanced oximeter, that are designed to make life comfortable.

• Game consoles: For playing video games on TV, a specialized type of computer with proper adjustment with computer is required.
• Advanced & Automatic TVs: Many TVs allow you to access various types of online content including various OTT platforms. Netflix, Zee 5, Amazon Prime, etc. really changed the world of Television. Nowadays films are also released on these types of OTT platforms, allowing the users to watch the first day first show.

 

Difference between hardware and software:

(HARDWARE VS. SOFTWARE);

The most common thing that comes to the mind of the users is hardware and software.

• Hardware is the part of the computer that has a physical touch, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer’s internal parts, which can be seen after the opening of the CPU.
• Software is any set of instructions that instructs the hardware what to do and how to do it. Examples include web browsers, games, and word processors, MS word, Powerpoint, MS Accord, etc.

Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software. For example, right now you may be viewing this lesson in a web browser (software) and using your mouse (hardware) to click from page to page. As you learn about different types of computers, ask yourself about the differences in their hardware. As you progress through this tutorial, you’ll see that different types of computers also often use different types of software.

 

MAKE YOUR WEB BROWSER MORE EFFECTIVE OR THE EFFECTIVE WAYS TO MAKE YOUR PC FAST

Getting the information easily & more clearly is the need of the hour today. Following are the tips & tricks to make your browser fast;

• Bookmarks: Most visited sites can be linked with bookmarks. This facility allows one to quickly find information that one has come upon before.
• Tabbed Browsing: Tabbed Browsing allows the user to have opened up multiple windows at a single time. Opening multiple windows make the work faster & convenient too. But be careful! If you have too many open, it can slow the performance.
• Homepage: The homepage also provides you with quick access to the web. Most people use sites like Google, Yahoo!, MSN, and Hotmail which provide both options of search tools along with news and entertainment.
• Stop Button: Stop button or the ads Blocker, often pages with ads take a long time to load or stop the other websites to open, In these cases, the stop button can be really helpful. If you want the web page that didn’t load you need an ads blocker or the stop button, to stop reload the page and wipe it out.
• Search Engine: Google, Bing, Yahoo! These search engines came by default when you open a window. You should change this setting to the search engine that you prefer better for use.

 

Full form of computer-related terms:

 

TERMS	FULL FORMS
URL	Uniform Resource Locator
CPU	Central Processing Unit.
UPS	Uninterruptible power supply or Uninterruptible power source
RAM	Random Access Memory
ROM	Read Only Memory
USB	Universal Serial Bus
OCR	Optical Character Recognition
DVD	Digital Versatile Disc
CD	Compact Disc
SQL	Structured Query Language
NIC	National Informatics Centre
VLSI	Very Large-Scale Integration
VIRUS	Vital Information Resources Under Siege
IPE	Intelligent Peripheral Equipment
MAC	Media Access Control Address
WAN	Wide Area Network
LAN	Local Area Network
CMOS	Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
ISO	Optical Disc Image
VPN	Virtual Private Network
MS	Microsoft (Ms) Or Microsoft Corporation
FTP	File Transfer Protocol
IPS	Intrusion Prevention System
RDBMS	Relational Database Management System
DBMS	Database Management System
PDA	Personal Digital Assistant
ENIAC	Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
DOS	Disk Operating System
DDoS	Distributed Denial Of Service
MICR	Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
CRT	Cathode-Ray Tube
GOI	General Operating Instructions
HTTP	Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS	Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
BN	Binary Number
HTML	Hypertext Markup Language
WWW	World Wide Web
WWWW	World Wide Web Worm
ALU	Arithmetic Logic Unit
IPO	Input–Process–Output
ISP	Internet Service Provider
BIOS	Basic Input Output System
PC	Personal Computer
SMPS	Switched-Mode Power Supply
PDF	Portable Document Format
PCI	Peripheral Component Interconnect
ASCII	American Standard Code For Information Interchange
IP	Internet Protocol
TCP	Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
BASIC	Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
COBOL	Common Business-Oriented Language
SSD	Solid State Drive
DTP	Desktop Publishing
LED	Light Emitting Diode
OMR	Optical Mark Reading
VDU	Visual/Video Display Unit
DNS	Domain Name System
ICT	Information And Communication Technologies
PPP	Point-To-Point Protocol
POP	Post Office Protocol
OSI	Open Systems Interconnection
LCD	Liquid-Crystal Display
AI	Artificial Intelligence
BPN	Back Propagation Neural Network
PNG	Portable Network Graphics
JPEG	Joint Photographic Experts Group
ATM	Automated Teller Machine
SSL	Secure Sockets Layer
API	Application Programming Interface
WAP	Wireless Application Protocol
CU	Control Unit
MIPS	Million Instructions Per Second
PAN	Personal Area Network
OS	Operating System
FAT	File Allocation Table
PHP	Personal Home Page
EBCDIC	Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
ULSI	Ultra Large Scale Integration
GSM	Global System For Mobile Communications
CAD	Computer-Aided Design
FORTRAN	Formula Translation
BCC	Blind Carbon Copy
CSS	Cascading Style Sheets
HTML	Hypertext Markup Language
AI	Artificial Intelligence
VGA	Video Graphics Array
ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning

 

 

This article is written by;

MR. ABHISHEK SRIVASTAVA 

B.TECH (MECHANICAL ENGG.)

• 4+ Years of Industrial Experience
• 2+ Years of Teaching

E-Mail: [email protected]